How to recognise it
The Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) is a sleek fish with a streamlined body. Its coloration varies, typically featuring a silvery body with a hint of blue or green on the back. The sides are adorned with small black spots. The belly is usually white or cream. The fish has a forked tail and a large mouth with sharp teeth. One species it is often confused with is the Pacific Salmon. The key detail that separates them is the number of anal fin rays; Atlantic Salmon have 8-12, while Pacific Salmon have 9-12.
Where it lives
In the United States, Atlantic Salmon are primarily found in the northeastern region, particularly in Maine and parts of New Hampshire. They inhabit cold, clear freshwater rivers and streams, often preferring depths of 3 to 20 feet. During the summer, they seek cooler waters, often retreating to deeper pools or shaded areas. In winter, they may move to deeper sections of rivers to avoid freezing temperatures.
When it bites
Atlantic Salmon are most active from April to October. They prefer water temperatures between 50°F and 65°F for optimal feeding. Early morning and late evening are the best times to catch them. Weather changes can influence their activity; a passing front may trigger feeding, while strong winds can make them less active. A full moon can enhance their feeding behavior, making them more likely to bite.
How to catch it
To catch Atlantic Salmon, use a variety of rigs such as floating lines with nymphs or streamers. Popular baits include live worms and minnows, while effective lures are spoons and spinners in sizes 1 to 3. Colors like silver, blue, and chartreuse work well. Use a 6 to 10-pound test line with size 6 to 10 hooks. Cast near current seams, pools, or under overhanging vegetation. Retrieve lures with a steady, moderate speed to mimic natural prey.
Size, age and the table
Anglers typically encounter Atlantic Salmon ranging from 18 to 30 inches in length. A trophy fish is generally considered to be over 30 inches. Growth rates vary; they can reach 12 to 24 inches in their first year. Atlantic Salmon can live up to 10 years. They are known for their excellent eating quality, with a rich, buttery flavor. Handle them carefully to ensure a successful release, minimizing time out of water and using wet hands or a wet net.
