How to recognise it
The Topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) is a slender, elongated fish with a streamlined body. It typically measures between 6 to 8 inches in length. The body is silver with a distinct lateral line that runs from the head to the tail. The dorsal fin is located near the middle of the body and is often transparent. The mouth is small and slightly upturned, which aids in surface feeding.
This species is often confused with the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax). The key detail that separates them is the presence of a prominent silver stripe along the side of the Topsmelt, which is less pronounced in the sardine.
Where it lives
The Topsmelt is primarily found along the Pacific Coast of the United States, from Southern California to the Gulf of California. It inhabits brackish waters, estuaries, and coastal marine environments. Topsmelt are often found in shallow waters, typically at depths of 1 to 30 feet.
In spring and summer, they tend to move closer to shore and into estuaries, while in fall and winter, they may migrate to slightly deeper waters. They prefer areas with vegetation or structures like rocks and piers that provide cover.
When it bites
Topsmelt are most active from late spring through early fall. They bite best when water temperatures range from 65 to 75 degrees F. Early morning and late evening are peak feeding times, as they are more likely to be near the surface during these hours.
Weather changes can affect their activity. A passing front may trigger increased feeding, while strong winds can make them more skittish. A full moon can also enhance their feeding behavior, as it provides more light during the night.
How to catch it
To catch Topsmelt, use light tackle with a 4 to 8-pound test line. A small hook, size 8 to 12, works well. Popular rigs include a simple float rig or a small jig. For bait, try small pieces of shrimp, sandworms, or small minnows. Lures such as small spoons or soft plastics in silver or white can also be effective.
Cast near structures like piers, jetties, or rocky shorelines. Retrieve your bait or lure slowly, allowing it to mimic the natural movement of prey. Topsmelt are often found in schools, so if you catch one, stay in the area to increase your chances of catching more.
Size, age and the table
Anglers typically encounter Topsmelt ranging from 6 to 8 inches. A trophy Topsmelt is considered to be over 10 inches. They grow quickly, reaching maturity in about one year and can live up to three years.
Topsmelt are known for their mild flavor and are often used as bait for larger fish. When handling them, be gentle to avoid damaging their delicate bodies. If you plan to release them, do so quickly to ensure their survival. Their small size makes them a popular catch for young anglers and those looking for a fun fishing experience.
