How to recognise it
The American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) is a long, snake-like fish. It can grow up to 39 inches in length. The body is typically a dark olive-brown color with a lighter underside. It has a smooth, slimy texture. The dorsal fin runs along the back, merging with the caudal fin. The anal fin is also long and extends from the vent to the tail. The mouth is small with sharp teeth. Eels are often confused with the European Eel (Anguilla anguilla). The key difference is that the American Eel has a more pronounced dorsal fin that extends further down the body.
Where it lives
The American Eel is found along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Its range extends from Greenland to the Gulf of Mexico. Eels inhabit brackish waters, rivers, and estuaries. They prefer depths of 1 to 20 feet. During warmer months, they may move into shallower waters. In colder months, they tend to retreat to deeper areas. Eels seek cover among rocks, submerged vegetation, and debris. This cover is crucial for their survival, especially during colder temperatures.
When it bites
The American Eel is most active from late spring to early fall. The ideal water temperature for catching eels is between 60°F and 75°F. They tend to bite more actively during the night. Eels are less active during the day, especially in bright sunlight. A passing cold front can trigger feeding activity, while strong winds may make them less likely to bite. A full moon can enhance their feeding behavior, making them more aggressive.
How to catch it
To catch American Eels, use a simple bottom rig. A standard setup includes a 1/0 to 3/0 hook and a 20 to 30-pound test line. Use a sinker that matches the current; typically, a 1 to 3-ounce weight works well. Baits such as nightcrawlers, cut bait, or chicken liver are effective. Eels are attracted to strong scents, so using fresh bait is essential. Cast near structures like rocks or fallen trees, where eels like to hide. Allow the bait to sit on the bottom and check for bites every few minutes. When you feel a tug, wait a moment before setting the hook.
Size, age and the table
Most anglers encounter American Eels that are 12 to 24 inches long. A trophy eel is typically considered to be over 30 inches. Eels grow slowly, averaging about 1 inch per year. They can live up to 20 years in the wild. The meat of the American Eel is considered tasty and is often used in various dishes. When handling eels, be cautious as they can be slippery. If you plan to release them, do so gently to avoid injury. Always check local regulations regarding the harvesting and handling of eels.
