How to recognise it
The Flathead Catfish (Pylodictis olivaris) is a distinctive freshwater fish. It has a broad, flattened head and a long, cylindrical body. The coloration is typically yellow to brown, with dark mottling. Its belly is lighter, often white or cream-colored. The fins are rounded, with the dorsal fin being long and continuous. The mouth is large, with prominent, sharp teeth.
This species is often confused with the Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The key detail that separates them is the shape of the head; the Flathead has a more flattened head compared to the rounded head of the Channel Catfish.
Where it lives
The Flathead Catfish is found throughout the central and eastern United States. Its range extends from the Great Lakes region down to the Gulf of Mexico. It prefers large rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. Flatheads are typically found in depths of 5 to 30 feet, often near structure such as logs, rocks, and submerged vegetation.
In warmer months, they may move into shallower waters to feed. During colder months, they tend to retreat to deeper areas where the water temperature is more stable.
When it bites
Flathead Catfish are most active from late spring to early fall. They prefer water temperatures between 70 and 85 degrees F. The best times to fish for them are during the evening and at night. They tend to feed more aggressively during these hours.
Weather changes can affect their feeding habits. A passing front may trigger increased activity, while strong winds can make them less likely to bite. A full moon often leads to better fishing conditions, as they tend to feed more actively during these times.
How to catch it
To catch Flathead Catfish, use a variety of rigs. A common setup is a slip sinker rig with a 2 to 4 oz weight, 30 to 50 lb test line, and a 5/0 to 8/0 circle hook. Baits such as live or cut bait, including shad, bluegill, or other small fish, work well. Use baits that are 4 to 10 inches long.
Cast near structures like logs, rocks, or undercut banks. Allow the bait to sit on the bottom. You can also try drifting your bait along the current. Be patient, as Flatheads may take time to bite.
Size, age and the table
Anglers typically encounter Flathead Catfish ranging from 5 to 30 pounds. A trophy Flathead is generally considered to be over 40 pounds. They grow quickly, often reaching 10 to 20 pounds in just a few years. Their lifespan can exceed 20 years in the wild.
Flathead Catfish are known for their excellent eating quality. The flesh is firm and mild-flavored. If you plan to keep one, handle it carefully to avoid injury. When releasing, wet your hands and minimize the time out of water to ensure its survival.
