How to recognise it
The Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara) is a large fish with a robust body and a broad head. Its coloration ranges from olive green to brown, often with lighter spots. The fins are rounded, and the mouth is large, capable of opening wide to capture prey. One distinguishing feature is its prominent, fleshy lips. It is often confused with the Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus). The key detail that separates them is the Goliath Grouper's lack of vertical stripes, which are present on the Nassau Grouper.
Where it lives
The Goliath Grouper is primarily found in the southeastern United States, particularly in Florida. It inhabits coastal waters, including reefs, wrecks, and mangroves. They prefer depths ranging from 30 to 150 feet, but can be found as deep as 300 feet. They often seek cover among rocks, coral, and artificial structures. In warmer months, they may move to shallower waters, while in cooler months, they tend to retreat to deeper areas.
When it bites
The Goliath Grouper is most active from May to September. It prefers water temperatures between 70 and 85 degrees F. Feeding activity typically peaks during dawn and dusk. Weather changes, such as a passing front or strong winds, can increase their feeding activity. A full moon may also trigger more aggressive feeding behavior, making them more likely to bite.
How to catch it
To catch a Goliath Grouper, anglers can use heavy tackle. Recommended rigs include a bottom fishing rig with a 100-200 lb test braided line and a 10/0 to 12/0 circle hook. Baits such as live fish, crabs, or large cut baits are effective. Sizes for live baits should be around 6-12 inches. When using lures, large jigs or swimbaits in bright colors like chartreuse or pink can attract them. Cast near structures and let the bait sink to the bottom. Work the bait slowly, allowing it to sit for a few moments before reeling in.
Size, age and the table
Anglers typically encounter Goliath Groupers ranging from 30 to 50 inches in length and weighing between 100 to 400 pounds. A trophy Goliath Grouper is considered to be over 500 pounds. They grow rapidly, reaching sexual maturity at around 4-6 years of age. Lifespan can exceed 30 years. The meat is firm and has a mild flavor, making it a sought-after catch. Proper handling is crucial; use wet hands or gloves to minimize slime loss. For release, ensure the fish is revived properly before letting it go.
