How to recognise it
The Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) is a small, slender fish. It typically measures 4 to 8 inches in length. The body is silver with a bluish-green back. It has a prominent lateral line that runs along its side. The dorsal fin is located far back on the body. The mouth is large and extends past the eyes. This species is often confused with the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax). The key detail that separates them is the Northern Anchovy's larger mouth, which extends beyond the eye.
Where it lives
The Northern Anchovy is found along the Pacific Coast of the United States. Its range extends from southern California to British Columbia. This species inhabits coastal waters, estuaries, and bays. It prefers shallow waters, typically at depths of 10 to 100 feet. During warmer months, they may move into shallower areas. In colder months, they tend to migrate to deeper waters. They often seek cover in schools, which can change based on water temperature and food availability.
When it bites
Northern Anchovies are more active from late spring to early fall. They bite best when water temperatures are between 60 and 70 degrees F. Early morning and late evening are prime times for fishing. A passing front can trigger feeding activity, while strong winds may scatter schools. A full moon can also increase their activity, making them more likely to bite.
How to catch it
To catch Northern Anchovies, use small hooks and light line. A common rig is a small jig or a sabiki rig with multiple hooks. Use hooks in sizes 8 to 12. For lures, try small spoons or soft plastics in silver or white. Baits like small pieces of shrimp or cut bait can also be effective. Cast near schools and retrieve slowly. Work the lure with a steady motion to mimic the natural movement of the anchovy. Focus on areas with structure or current, such as piers or rocky outcrops.
Size, age and the table
The typical size an angler encounters is around 6 inches. A trophy Northern Anchovy would be considered anything over 8 inches. They grow quickly, reaching maturity in about one year. The lifespan of this species is generally 2 to 3 years. Northern Anchovies are known for their good eating quality. They are often used in various dishes, including ceviche and fish tacos. Handle them gently to avoid damaging their delicate bodies, and release any unwanted catches carefully to ensure their survival.
